The authors of this article present their research methodology and outcomes regarding what factors impact the external social support received by individuals while they were in prison.
When individuals re-enter their communities after incarceration, they frequently have difficulties in meeting their basic needs. Social support can help buffer some of the challenges re-entering individuals face. Research has demonstrated that re-entering individuals with close social bonds are more likely to secure employment, experience better mental health, exhibit lower levels of hostility, desist from criminal activity, and avoid recidivating. Although social support is helpful during re-entry, incarceration often erodes external social support networks. While research points to the importance of sustaining or building external support during and after incarceration, information is limited regarding what factors may influence social support networks of correction involved individuals. The research study discussed in this article sought to understand what factors impact the external social support received by individuals while they were in prison. Using structural equation modeling, the study examined the impact of key demographic characteristics, past childhood adversity, mental health diagnoses, and substance misuse on external support that individuals received during incarceration. Participants in the study included 413 adults who were recently released from the Oregon State prison system and were participating in a transitional housing program. Controlling for other covariates, having a mental health diagnosis, having experienced childhood adversity, and being male all predicted lower levels of external social support during incarceration. These may be key populations to target to help bolster their external social support networks prior to their release from prison. Based on the research results, the authors make suggestions for future research and intervention development. Publisher Abstract Provided